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Camera Lens Correction – Distortion

lens distortion
Photo by: Etrusia UK


As everyone knows, nothing in the world is perfect and lenses used in camera are no exception; but photographers cannot blame their lenses and sit idle as their pictures falter. They have to face the music get the faults corrected and if possible make some advantage of the imperfections! Here in this article we deal with distortions of the lenses and some tips to contain them.


What is Lens Distortion?


lens corrections
Photo by: Quintendusaer


All lenses except‘Fish eye lenses’ are rectilinear lenses. And they are supposed to reproduce straight lines as being straight in the image, but in reality no lens does it a 100%.This distortion being a deviation from rectilinear projection which makes straight lines appear bending inward or outward, thereby affecting depiction of depth:

Types of Lens Distortion and Their Causes:


The most common types of lens distortions are:

Barrel Distortion



Barrel Distortion
Barrel Distortion

In barrel distortion straight lines in a frame appear to curve outward.

Camera lens barrel distortion
Camera lens barrel distortion

 Barrel distortion is commonly found in wide angle lenses or at the wide end of zoom lenses.

Pincushion Distortion



Pincushion Distortion
Pincushion Distortion

Pincushion Distortion is the opposite of barrel distortion where straight lines appear to curve inward. 


Camera lens pincushion distortion
Camera lens pincushion distortion


Pincushion distortion is commonly found in telephoto lenses or at the telephoto end of zoom lenses.

Mustache distortion



Mustache Distortion
Mustache Distortion

Mustache distortion is a combination of the above two (barrel and pincushion) where there is barrel distortion in the center of the image and pincushion distortion towards the edges. It is a complex distortion which is not common but not rare and makes horizontal lines in the top half of the frame look like a handlebar mustache; hence the name mustache distortion.

Perspective Distortion



perspective distortion
Photo by: Pedro Szekely


With perspective distortion parallel lines appear to converge in the image, it is caused when the camera is not facing these parallel lines perpendicularly or that the camera is not pointed at the horizon.

Technically speaking; perspective distortion is not a true distortion and is a natural characteristic of 3d vision. We all see it with our eyes but the human brain corrects the 3d positioning of objects; hence we don’t perceive these lines as converging.

How to minimize Lens Distortions?


The simplest solution to minimize lens distortion is to place the horizon along the center of a photo. This technique helps minimize the appearance of all three types of distortion.

Correcting Lens Distortions in Post Production



camera lens distortion
Photo by: Dennis Wilkinson


All forms of lens distortions are correctable in post production using most of the popular image editing programs. However this should be done only when it is necessary; for e.g.in landscape photography correcting distortion may not be that important. Architectural photography is a field where distortion is a firm no no.  Better leave post production correction as demanded by the situation.

When correcting distortions using image editors, make sure to turn on the grid overlay feature; it will help you assess whether you have made lines straight and parallel. Correcting distortion is a pretty straight forward and most softwares have separate sliders for barrel/pincushion and perspective distortion both in vertical and horizontal axis.

Disadvantages of Correcting Lens Distortion


Distortion correction is done by either cropping out the curved edges which could affect composition or by redistributing the pixels (image resolution). This redistribution has undesirable consequences. When correcting barrel distortion the center portion of the image gets sharper at the expense of edge sharpness. And when correcting pincushion distortion the opposite happens, here edges get sharper and the center portion will get softer.

Some Background info on distortion - Why does it occur?


The duty of a lens is to projects a three-dimensional scene onto a two-dimensional piece of film or sensor. In this process some geometric properties of the original 3d image may get lost in translation. This problem can be compared to picture a 3d globe showing oceans and continents in to a 2d map where longitude and latitudes bending like bows.

Distortion is primarily the problem of lens designers and they come with two types of lenses as a stop gap solutionto tackle this. One is rectilinear lenses and the other is curvilinear or popularly called fish-eye lenses.


Curvilinear Distortion
Photo by: Evan Leeson


Rectilinear lenses are those in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image; while in the   fish- eye lens there is no such attempt made and straight lines at the sides of the frame are allowed to appear curved. In short a subject shaped like ‘l l’ will look like ‘( )’ in the image!  This is assumed to be how a fish sees the world. The fisheye lens gives straight line only across the center of the frame.

What is Curvilinear Distortion?


Curvilinear distortion is a lens aberration caused in fish eye lenses, in which the focal length varies radially outward from the center of the field. For e.g. take the case of a 14mm fish eye lens. The focal length of the fisheye lens is said to be 14mm, but that is applicable only at the center of the lens. The focal length effectively decreases as you move toward the edges of the lens.

Advantage of Distortion


Barrel distortion can be helpful to offset the problem of softening of corners  in wide angle lenses.

In the next article we will deal with Chromatic Aberrations

Camera Lens Corrections - Vignetting




Camera Lens Vignette
Camera Lens Vignette

Like all other things; lenses are also not 100% perfect; Almost all of the lenses are prone to one or the other imperfections; photographers have no way but to live with them; however they can adopt many techniques to correct these faults either during shooting or post production to even these aberrations.

It is a fact that all types of lens- imperfections cannot be corrected, some can be and some cannot be. In certain situations these imperfections could actually be used to add to the aesthetic appeal of an image. In this article we will discuss three of the most commonly found lens- faults, why they occur, how they can affect the final image etc. Here are also some tips and methods to minimize or eliminate these aberrations altogether; both while shooting as well as in post- production.

The most common imperfections found in lenses are:

  1. Vignetting: vignette is a progressive darkening that occurs in the edges of the image. This phenomenon is known as vignetting; it occurs due to slight reduction of exposure on the corners of an image.
  2. Distortion: it is yet another fault where otherwise straight lines bend inwards or outwards in the photographs.
  3. Chromatic Aberration: is color fringing along high contrast edges.


Vignetting - What is Vignette?


Lens projects a circular image(called the “Circle of Illumination”) on to the sensor; since digital camera’s sensor is rectangle in shape, they only actually record the middle portion of the projected image circle; the rest is cropped out.


Circle of Illumination
Circle of Illumination


The‘Circle of Illumination’ is not the same for all lenses. Some lenses project a very wide circle while some others project a circle which completely fits into a 24x36 capture area. Vignette is rare in lenses which project a wide circle of illumination (typically tilt shift lenses); while in lenses which produce a smaller circle of illumination (e.g. Circular fish eye lenses) vignette may be very prominent.

When light passes through the lens, it directly hits at the center then spreads from there to the fringe areas traveling more distance. This causes in slight reduction of exposure on the corners of the image causing darkening.

There are three types of vignettes namely mechanical, optical, and pixel.

Mechanical Vignetting


Mechanical Vignetting caused due to stacking ND filters
Mechanical Vignetting caused due to stacking ND filters

Mechanical Vignetting (or Physical Vignetting); when light coming on to the lens is blocked by some external objects such as a wrong lens hood for the focal length, filters that are too thick, stacked filters, secondary lenses or elements etc. It appears as a strong, abrupt darkening usually only in the very corners of an image.

How to Eliminate Mechanical vignetting


Mechanical vignetting cannot be avoided by adjusting any of the variables like aperture, focal length etc. Stopping down the lens to a narrower aperture will only make it more pronounced. The only way left is to find the obstruction and removing it.

Optical Vignetting


vignette
Photo by: Niels Linneberg

Optical vignetting is caused due to light fall off towards the edges; which is inherent in the lens design. Most lenses transmit more light at the center than the edges; this too causes vignette. Optical vignetting is most commonly found in some fast lenses and wide range zoom lenses; it is more pronounced when focusing on distant objects and when shooting wide open.

How to Eliminate Optical Vignetting


Optical vignetting could be easily eliminated by stopping down the lens to a narrower aperture (higher f number).

Pixel Vignetting


Pixel vignetting occurs as a result of the physical depth of photon wells that capture light at each pixel.  It occurs when light entering the well becomes more oblique. Even though this is a digital imaging phenomenon, it can be influenced by the lens in use. It mostly occurs when one uses wide-angle and/or wide-aperture lenses.

How to Eliminate Pixel Vignetting


Pixel vignetting can be minimized by using a longer focal length lens and also by changing the direction of light.

Some General Tips for Reducing Vignetting


vignetting
Photo by: Rawhead Rex

  • When lenses designed for full-frame format is used in crop sensor camera; vignette becomes less noticeable as they crop out more from the circle of illumination. A full frame camera however uses more of the circle and there will be more difference in exposure between the center of the frame and the edges.
  • Vignette is most pronounced when lenses are focused at infinity.
  • Shooting with proper exposure will help reduce vignette.
  • Or shoot with the lens stopped down to a narrower aperture.
  • Changing the lens or shooting with a longer focal length lens also could be considered for the job.
  • Artificial Vignetting
  • When one is forced to live along with something; it is natural to think whether any advantage can be made out of that. But that is not the case here, we have already mentioned that certain subjects and situations actually benefit by having a vignette effect so sometimes photographers add vignette to their images while post processing is done; this also enables them to draw attention to a central subject, and to make the frame's edges appear less abrupt. The proper way is to apply Vignetting after image cropping is done (known as ‘post crop vignetting’). Here’s an article that explains how to apply dark vignette effect using Adobe Photoshop.


Let us deal with ‘distortion’ in the next article; have a good day!

Android App Review - LINE camera by LINE Corporation


Android App Review - LINE camera by LINE Corporation





Android App Review -  LINE camera by LINE Corporation. This is a camera and photo editing app that allows the user to edit the photos taken by the app (or other camera apps, for that matter) and edit them by adding framers, stickers, text and graphics from a large collection of predefined objects. A very popular app, the user can share images created, enhanced and edited by the app to facebook and other social networks. Of course, the app has many useful features and many users (including some of our testers) have actually replaced their stock image taking app with this app, using it in preference to the native camera app. A fun app, and one that our testers profoundly loved.

 





  • Score: 4.5. Just short a few features from a perfect 5, nevertheless we loved it!
  • Description: An image taking and editing app, the Line Camera allows taking pics and editing them, passing them through filters and adding stamps, text and fun graphics objects from a large predefined collection.
  • Good Points: Pictures taken with Line Camera are sometimes even better than those taken by the Android native camera app. Editing and filtering pics is mostly easy and adding graphics to an image is also fairly easy.
  • Bad Points: There were a few rare cases where the app froze, even forcing us to shutdown and restart the smartphone. We would have enjoyed an even larger variety of graphical objects to add to pictures and some of our testers thought that the app's ram requirements and processing time were too long between images. And of course, we're waiting to be able to add the same effects to videos and not just photos ...
  • Experience: Installing and working with the app was easy and fun. A few testers reported some problems after an update but they sorted themselves out. It seems most of our testers loved this app more than other apps (like Camera360 Ultimate) but it mostly comes down to individual preferences.
  • Longevity: Most of the testers would keep using this app, a few even started using it in lieu of their native Android camera app. One thought it slowed down his smartphone and uninstalled it after the testing period.
  • Google Play Link - LINE camera by LINE Corporation
  • Google Play Score: 4.5

Android App Review - Cymera - Camera & Photo Editor by SK Communications


Android App Review - Cymera - Camera and Photo Editor by SK Communications





Android App Review -  Cymera - Camera and Photo Editor by SK Communications. This is a semi professional camera and photo editing app, specializing in portraits and face editing in photos. The app has its own facial recognition software which identifies the face and then offers the user a rich variety of editing tools to enhance, change and edit the face, from changing eye colors to changing hair styles and applying make up and "beautifying" effects to faces. A very cool app, it also offers several kinds of filters and a large variety of graphical objects that can be easily incorporated into the photo. Last but not least, it also offers collage building services, to create a large collage of photos.

Our testers mostly loved the interface and learning how to apply the various effects was fairly easy, even for those testers who weren't especially computer savvy. Yet again, with a little work you can create great effects, especially with faces. Facebook fans would find this app very handy as its interface allows quick and painless Facebook sharing of photos.

There's no doubt this is one of the best camera and photo editors for the Android today, with its editing capabilities coming just short of professional editing abilities but with the ability to open the app, take a picture, edit it and post it remarkably quickly.






  • Score: 4.5 out of 5. Most of our testers enjoyed it immensely.
  • Description: A camera app and photo editing app, this app has extensive photo editing capabilities to enhance and change faces, adding makeup, changing hair styles and rearranging faces to make them more "beautiful". In addition to filters and photo enhancing modes, this app also has the ability to add graphical objects from a large library to any photo and the user can also download for free additional effects and objects for adding to pics.
  • Good Points: Different lenses and editing effects providing great pictures and diverse editing abilities for the face. Beautifying capabilities to add makeup, change hair styles and bring out the beauty in faces on the photos.
  • Bad Points: Text editing - adding text to pictures is not intuitive and is a bit hard to find. The app appeals strongly to Facebook users who upload photos regularly - people who're not heavy Facebook users may find the interface a bit clumsy. There were some minor issues with some of our testers who couldn't turn the flash on for taking pictures or others that complained the pictures come out horizontal and stretched instead of vertical. 
  • Experience: To be honest, some of our testers started examining Cymera Camera after working some time with Line Camera. Nevertheless, most of them were quite enthusiastic about Cymera. Most cited the face beautifying effects as one of the best features of Cymera. There were some small problems wtih taking pictures and editing HD photos but those were quickly remedied. In conclusion, the more a person uploads photos to Facebook, the more he or she love Cymera Camera more, at least in our experience. In our words, our teen testers loved it the most. 
  • Longevity: All testers kept the app installed even a few months after started working with it. The ones who liked it most were the Facebook heavy users but none uninstalled it. We expect the Facebook users to keep the app for good ...
  • Google Play Link - Cymera - Camera & Photo Editor by SK Communications
  • Google Play Score: 4.5

Implying Motion in Photography with a Tripod


Implying Motion Photography
Implying Motion Photography


Implying motion in a still photograph appears at first as a contradiction; how to give stillness and movement at the same picture; ingenuity can do that and much more. The above image was shot at a children’s park; please have a look at the lady and a boy watching two children are enjoying their ride on swing.The rope of the swing has vanished in the thin air; while those children in the swing are partly visible. The onlookers are standing still and hence clear and well- focused. It is the blur that gives the feel of movement to the swing. 

There are different ways for capturing movement in our photographs-some of which we have been already covered in our previous articles–titles and subjects listed below.


implying motion
Photo by: James Offer

  • Photograph fast moving subjects using slow shutter speeds.
  • Move the camera along with a moving subject to make the subject sharp but register movement in background elements. – ‘Panning’.
  • Purposefully move the camera during an exposure. – ‘Painting With Shutter Speed’.
  • Zoom in or Zoom out during an exposure. – ‘Zooming’.


In this article we discuss how to make use of blur (generally considered an imperfection) to give a feel of movement to the subjects and make the images more interesting. Yet another technique that can be tried is to Contrast moving subjects to still ones. In a situation where the camera is stationary;lighting conditions are less than ideal; and there are moving as well as stationary elements in the frame; it’s the right scene to try this technique.


Implying Motion Photography
Implying Motion Photography


The combination of all the three factors allows photographer to ‘imply motion in his photographs’. The result will be a composition in which all the stationary elements are recorded in sharp detail while moving subjects appear blurred. 

Typical scenarios that are ideal for this kind of photography are waterfalls, streams, crashing waves, planes, trains and automobiles etc. Simple acts of people like striking a nail; everyday objects like ceiling fans, merry go-round, children playing on seesaw etc. are good subjects.

 Wind is a great facilitator; windblown hair of a model, or it blowing through wheat- field or wild flowers, architecture with clouds moving overhead etc. the list is endless and so is the potential for using this technique.


capturing motion in photography
Photo by: Andree Ludtke


Successfully capturing the right amount of movement in your shots could accomplish many things, it could communicate mood, can be used to eliminate distracting elements in the scene add interest to the photograph and more.

There is no such thing called technical standards in photography; that can make you successful in profession. Free your minds and look up on blur or distortions as creative tools rather than technical mistakes. Become more intuitive in your pursuit of ideas; never fail to experiment any technique to make final image more interesting.

How to imply motion in photographs using a Tripod



implying motion in photographs
Photo by: Morbcn


When our intention is to express a feel of movement through various forms of blurs; think of the following facts. A moving subject appears blurry with slower shutter speeds. The faster the movement of the subject greater the blur for any given shutter speed. Similarly the slower the shutter speed the greater the blur for any given subject speed and vice versa.

Implying Motion in Photography - Step By Step Tutorial



implied motion in photography
Photo by: Phil Hilfiker


  1. Set up your camera on a stable tripod; or any stable surface will suffice.
  2. Compose your frame; there should be both stationary and still subjects within it.
  3. Set your camera to the lowest ISO possible.
  4. Focus on the most interesting stationary subject in the frame and shift to manual focus.
  5. Choose shutter priority/ time value as your shooting mode and set the desired shutter speed.
  6. If the camera’s exposure meter blinks, indicating that the set speed is not possible with current lighting (normally excess light) try using an ND filter or a Polarizing filter. Depending on the lighting conditions; use a darker ND or stack multiple filters.


It is said that great works make great men; then great images naturally make great photographers even.

Android App Review - Pic Collage by Cardinal Blue Software


Android App Review - Pic Collage by Cardinal Blue Software





Android App Review -  Pic Collage by Cardinal Blue Software. This is a collage building app that places its emphasis on simple and intuitive interface. With just a few touches you can pick photos from the smartphone's photo gallery or the internet, retouch them, collect them together and add frames, stickers text and many other effects. If you stick to the frames and stickers available, you can create awesome collages simply and easily, of any size and with many effects.

Put pictures in heart shaped frames, combine many sizes together, create cartoon like collages - almost everything is possible with Pic Collage. Just add the pictures, pick backgrounds, add frames and graphical objects and you're set. Really simple and easy. All of our testers liked this app, which is really one of the best collage makers we tested. The only caveat is the app's simplicity. For the serious photo editing user, this app will not suffice. 

However, to create great collages simply and effectively, this app is among the best of its kind. Just tap the photos, pick a background, arrange the photos and you're all set to go. Just don't try to do too complicated things.






  • Score: A conditional 4.5 out of 5. A very good, simple to use and fun app for those who want a fast and simple photo editing and collage making up.
  • Description: A collage creation app with simple photo editing capabilities  Users can simply and easily pick photos for a collage, use a large variety of frames, crop and resize images to any size and add fun graphical objects atop the images.
  • Good Points: Very simple to use. Allows quick and simple photo editing and collage building. Has a lot of graphical objects that can be added and more can be freely downloaded. Has a large number of good and interesting frames and backgrounds for the collage building. There were very few if any bugs detected. It is a very stable app and only once or twice we discovered a problem in editing a number of photos starting from the fifth or so.
  • Bad Points: Simplicity is the main thing for Pic Collage so some of the options available in other pic editing apps are missing, such as picture enhancements  transparent text and sophisticated filters. Of course, it is not a camera app which some would have preferred  Some of our testers thought the photo limit of 15 pics was too restricting while others thought the app's space requirement from the smartphone was excessive. Some of the stickers were lost between app updates which irritated testers that were used to using them.
  • Experience: In our experience, it takes about one hour to really start using the neat features this app has to offer. In other words, users can learn to use it very fast as it has a very simple and intuitive interface. Only after a few days of working with it, a few of our testers expressed a desire for more sophisticated capabilities.
  • Longevity: Most of our testers loved this app and would continue using it. Only a very few who wanted more sophisticated photo editing capabilities uninstalled it and installed other photo editing apps, with filters and image enhancing features.
  • Google Play Link - Pic Collage by Cardinal Blue Software
  • Google Play Score: 4.5

Android App Review - Kik Messenger by Kik Interactive


Android App Review - Kik Messenger by Kik Interactive





Android App Review -  Kik Messenger by Kik Interactive. A messenger that does not use the smartphone's number but allows you to create and use a Kik account, which we're not sure is a good or bad thing ... It does allow one more freedom but apps like Whatsapp that use the smartphone's number for identification insure the user's identity and prevent impersonation, with the drawback that if you change your phone number (for instance, changing carrier sometimes forces you to change your number) you'll lose you Whatsapp conversations. Kik does possess a simple and intuitive interface while still having features such as pic sending, user status updating and group conversations.

Kik Messenger app is advertised to be faster than any other messenger. Our testers have indeed confirmed the app is fast, though they're not sure its the fastest messenger app they ever used .. All together, a good and simple app to use and we can heartily recommend it. The only thing is, just like in any other messenger, is to find out what messenger your contacts are using and use it too ... Just one more thing. Since the Kik accounts can be annonymous, you can never be sure who you're talking to, just like in Internet chat rooms, with all their advantages and drawbacks because of anonymity, adult possible and the like. Just search for Kik 'sexting'.



  • Score. 4.5 out of 5. We took half a point away because of the user account management. In our opinion, using the smartphone's number to ID contacts is better. Still, if it doesn't matter to you, this app is great. 
  • Description. 
  • Good Points. A very simple and intuitive interface. Having a Kik account and not having the messenger app use the smartphone's number has its advantages ... Kik messenger app has all the necessary features - text and pic messages, notifications, group conversations and more.
  • Bad Points. Our testers disliked the colors that came with the update. Boring, they called it ... Setting up an account and using it can be difficult at times, as is having to locate your friends (since you usually know their phone numbers anyway).
  • Experience. 
  • Longevity. Most of our testers liked Kik app, but eventually some returned to Whatsapp Messenger, citing simplicity, ease of contact locating and an interface that a little more appealing.
  • Google Play. Google Play Link - Kik Messenger by Kik Interactive
  • Google Play Score 4.4 

Android App Review - Dr. Driving by SUD


Android App Review - LINE camera by LINE Corporation





Android App Review -  Dr. Driving by SUD. An upgrade of Dr. Parking, this is a very good game with great physics which lets you do one thing - drive! You get to complete missions in very realistically looking city scenes, earn money and then you can buy more expensive and fancy cars. The game is so good it can be used as an aid for car driving lessons but even the more experienced drivers among our testers loved this game. SUD tried and made a very good job in simulating real cars movements - from stops, to accelerations to turning to breaking. 

It did have some very minor annoyances, such as forcing you to link your Google+ and Facebook accounts and the fact money is not so easy to come by so you have to put in a long time to earn enough to buy the better cars (just like in real life!) but still, our testers all loved this game.
Another small annoyance some of our more hard headed testers came up with was rear mirrors and side collisions. The game doesn't have either, so you can make any turns with impunity, which somehow diminishes from the game's fun, at least according to those testers.







  • Score: A very solid and deserving 4.5 out of 5. Just a few small things missing to give this driving game a 5 out of 5.
  • Description: A driving game that sends the user to drive one of a collection of cars through a city in missions to reach a certain place and park there, naturally. The cars behave in a very realistic way and the graphics are great. The game would have been perfect if it was easier to get the new cars and if rear mirrors existed, along with a way to see cars coming from other lanes when you turn.
  • Good Points: Great graphics, at least on a smartphone. Very realistic car behavior, from accelerations to breaks to parking to crashes ... Very addictive and with a simple interface which leaves the focus on the main thing - driving the cars through the city!
  • Bad Points: Okay, just a few minor points in a great game. You cannot look right and left when making a turn which is very unrealistic. What a driver earns in the missions is not enough to buy a newer and fancier car fast - you have to spend a lot of time for it ... There were some issues with the game forcing you to log on to your Facebook and Google+ accounts - which is a behavior we do not like on an app. Very few crashes and bugs - a very stable app. 
  • Experience: Our testers all installed and ran this app quickly. The game has a smooth learning curve and even our teen testers got to finish the mission quickly, in some cases faster than some of the older testers with a driving license ... All in all, if you have a relatively new smartphone with updated hardware this game will run smoothly.
  • Longevity: In a relatively rare show of loyalty, all of our testers elected to have the app installed for good. Some are playing it more often than others, but several months after testing begun, none have uninstalled it yet.
  • Google Play Link - Dr. Driving by SUD
  • Google Play Score: 4.6

Android App Review - Google Maps


Android App Review - Google Maps





Android App Review -  Google Maps. Probably the most popular navigation app in the world, and not only because it comes with every Android smartphone and tablet. Every navigation app knows how to get you to your destination but all strive to bring the user something new. Waze tried to make driving a social experience, by sharing traffic information from all the other drivers using Waze on the roads. What makes Google Map special is its comprehensive database of businesses, establishments and points of interest along the road.

Google Maps has really everything in it, every kind of hotel, restaurant, pub and almost everything else you would want. Google leverages its huge database and the result is actually having the whole internet available to you via navigation with Google Maps.

Of course, Google Map comes rich with features, such as navigating and directions for walking or public transportation in addition to driving, like we mentioned before searching for almost anything be it close or far away, getting several courses and picking the best one for you, using Street View to actually see pictures of any place you're getting at. Of course, there is the ability to download maps at the start of the drive (when you're in WiFi range) and then use them for you navigation. The list features goes on and on, including voice activation and navigation.

Even though some of our testers didn't like the new update (while others simply adored it), there have been some crashes of the app while navigating and some features have been hidden away in the new update. Other than that, this is one of the best and most useful navigating app for Android right now.



  • Score: We gave it 4.5 out of 5, an almost perfect score because some of our testers had problems with the new update, mainly with crashes and losing save data and waypoints, not to mention hidden features.
  • Description: A navigation app with incredibly rich features, from voice activation to free text locale searching to picture available of virtually any place to offline maps to more and more features ... This is a app worthy of the giant that is Google.
  • Good Points: Free text searching for locales is very important and useful, such as looking for the nearest convenience store. Street View is also very useful as it allows you to see what your destination looks before you reach it.
  • Bad Points: Some of our testers disliked the new app update, claiming the old interface and maps were better. There are reported crashes here and there, common to most navigation apps.
  • Experience: Our testers used the app extensively, some using the walking and public transportation routes the app gives. All were quite enthusiastic about the more special features like Street View and Google's extensive database (find a nearby pizza, will you?!?)
  • Longevity: Of course, it is installed on every Android machine, but most of our testers still continue to use the app, though most not exclusively.
  • Google Play Link - Business Calendar Free by Appgenix Software
  • Google Play Score: 4.5

Android App Review - GO Keyboard by GO Dev Team








Android App Review - GO Keyboard by GO Dev Team




Android App Review -  GO Keyboard by GO Dev Team



ScoreUnder Construction
DescriptionUnder Construction
Good PointsUnder Construction
Bad PointsUnder Construction
ExperienceUnder Construction
LongevityUnder Construction
Google PlayGoogle Play LinkGO Keyboard by GO Dev Team
Google Play ScoreScore 4.4

Android App Review - LINE: Free Calls & Messages by Line Corporation








Android App Review -  LINE: Free Calls & Messages by Line Corporation





Android App Review -   LINE: Free Calls & Messages by Line Corporation. This is one of the best and most popular calls and messenger apps on Android, and not without good reason. A simple and slick interface, good features and it has that all important quality, the 'Cute' quality.

With Line you can place calls (all over the world) for free all over the internet (just make sure you have a large or unlimited data plan), send messages with stickers, emoticons, pictures and even location reports to you contacts. Of course, more stickers are available for download online.

There really aren't major negative issues with this messenger. Audio and video quality is generally good, at least if you have a fast enough internet connection via cellular or wifi. There isn't a status indicator for you contact like there is in WhatsApp and no logout function for when you DON'T want to receive any calls ... We would have liked some indicator of missed calls, the notifications in general are sometimes buggy and if a contact uninstalled this app, he still appears as if he can receive messages ...

Other than that, it really is one of the best Android messengers out there, making it easy to communicate by voice, video, sms or chat and share images between contacts.

Of course, one of the dominating factors in using Android messengers is finding our what others are using ... But Line is one of the best options out there right now.



  • Score: A very solid 4.5 out of 5. Just short of perfect.
  • Description: A video chat, messenger and file sharing Android app that enables a user to communicate with his or her contacts over an internet connection. One of the most popular Android messenger app, its simple and attractive interface was liked by most of our testers.
  • Good Points: Very attractive interface that all of our testers (from teens to grandmothers) loved. The app works like a charm (in most cases) even when communicating across continents, if the internet connection is good enough. Cute and plentiful stickers. Easy sharing of files, images and even location reports between users.
  • Bad Points: Wouldn't be much of a review without them ... A very few of our testers encountered some problems with notifications, with missed calls and messages that needed an hour to finally understand they've been read ... Some missing features of contact management - deleting contacts and status updates.
  • Experience: Line messenger worked very well on all the smartphones we tried (mainly Samsung and LG brands). Our testers loved the simple interface and cute stickers which some other messengers app do not possess. A few testers found some problems with downloading videos sent by Line messengers but in general, all our testers agreed this was a very professional and stable app.
  • Longevity: All of our testers kept this app installed on their smartphones and at least half made it their major messenger app, running a close second after WhatApp.
  • Google Play Link - Android App Review - LINE: Free Calls & Messages by Line Corporation
  • Google Play Score: 4.2

Android App Review - RunKeeper - GPS Track Run Walk by FitnessKeeper








Android App Review - RunKeeper - GPS Track Run Walk by FitnessKeeper




Android App Review -  RunKeeper - GPS Track Run Walk by FitnessKeeper



ScoreUnder Construction
DescriptionUnder Construction
Good PointsUnder Construction
Bad PointsUnder Construction
ExperienceUnder Construction
LongevityUnder Construction
Google PlayGoogle Play LinkRunKeeper - GPS Track Run Walk by FitnessKeeper
Google Play ScoreScore 4.5
 
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